P2P Lending – The new Form of Credit Extension in Financial Technology Era

Peer to Peer Lending (P2P) has becoming more popular in many countries. This form first appeared in the UK since 2005, then succeeded in the US and China markets. By 2017, P2P lending businesses start to appear in Vietnam in different forms.

Banking and dispute lawyers in Vietnam

Three subject matters in P2P lending relation include: investor (or lender), intermediary company (P2P Lending Company) and borrower. P2P Lending utilizes digital technology platform connecting lenders and borrowers directly, cutting out the credit institution as the middleman. Accordingly, P2P Lending Company provides online services (website, app) that match lenders with borrowers. The idea is that, all borrowing, debt payment (principal and interest) between the borrowers and lenders are recorded and stored by the online transaction platform. This method is completely different from the traditional loan form by increasing the ability to successfully connect lenders and borrower through online platforms along with advanced financial technology systems.

The relationship between lenders and borrowers is civil relation, therefore, the lending or payment is based on the regulations of Vietnam Civil Code. According to P2P Lending Company, the nature of P2P Lending Company is a broker between lenders and borrowers through technology. However, under Article 8.2 of Law on Credit Institutions 2010: “Individuals and organizations which is not credit institutions are prohibited from conducting banking operations, excepting escrow, purchase and sale of securities by securities companies”. Therefore, it is challenging for stakeholders to clearly define the boundary services could extend under P2P mode without violation of the laws.

In a good term, P2P lending creates a new way for approaching the loans when borrowers are not satisfied for the conditions of conventional bank loans. The advantages of P2P lending in Vietnam are the simplification of procedures, fast approval for loans, easy online transaction, in comparison to borrowing from banks which requires a complex and strict examination process.. Since P2P Lending Company offers these services online, it is expected it can operate with lower overhead and provide the service at a cheaper price than traditional financial institutions. If applying appropriately, P2P lending could be a solution to minimize other illegal lending services in Vietnam.

The Vietnam government has assigned The State Bank to build a legal framework for credit extension activities under the form of P2P Lending to promote the positive aspects of this service. At ANT Lawyers, a law firm in Vietnam, with offices in Hanoi, Ho Chi Minh City and Da Nang, we have technology, IP and business lawyers whom are familiar with development of digital transformation in Vietnam that could bring new ways of doing business leveraging on high rate of Vietnam smartphone users to prove a better services to high tech start-up clients entering Vietnam market.

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Banking and Finance in Vietnam

Banking and finance sector always attract investors as the growth of financial services in a growing economy. Our banking and finance lawyers in Vietnam constantly monitor the changes of the Vietnam regulations to update our client and provide them with best service.

Banking system in Vietnam has been organized according to the traditional model in which State Bank manages all commercial banks and other credit organizations. According to the Vietnam Law on Credit Institutions, there are six organizational forms of credit institutions: domestic commercial bank established and organized as joint stock company, state commercial bank formed as one-member limited liability company, domestic non-bank credit institution as joint stock or limited liability company, joint venture or wholly foreign-owned credit institution as limited liability company, cooperative bank and people’s credit funds as cooperatives, microfinance institution as limited liability company.

Banking and finance sector is a highly regulated area. Vietnam laws require commercial bank on legal capital of VND 3,000 billion at the setting-up.  Further, commercial banks’ operation must comply with decisions of State Bank and other authorities. Each type of credit institution has different conditions on organization, management, operation. Commercial bank, the type allowed to operate in largest scope is permitted to take demand deposits, time deposits, savings deposits; issue deposit certificates, promissory note, treasure bills, bonds to raise capital at home and abroad; open payment accounts for clients, provide payment instruments, domestic and international payment services; extend credit while the others just conduct some of the above activities.

For foreign investor, to engage in banking and finance in Vietnam, they could commercially present in Vietnam in the forms of representative office, joint-venture bank, wholly foreign-owned bank, foreign bank branch, joint-venture finance company, wholly foreign-owned finance company, joint-venture financial leasing company and wholly foreign-owned financial leasing company base on the Law on credit institutions, Circular no.07/2013/TT-NHNN, Circular no. 20/2008/TT-BTC, and Circular no. 18/2018/TT-BTC.

Professionals at ANT Lawyers work on many a variety of banking and financial services cases. Our attorney’s industry knowledge and expertise allow us to effectively support the banking and financial services sector. ANT Lawyers - Law firm in Vietnam that provide relevant industry-focused advice, delivered quickly to ensure that we add value from day one. ANT Lawyers, your lawyers in Vietnam.

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How Payment by Documentary Credit in International Commerce Works?

Documentary Credit (also known as letter of credit or bankers commercial credit, or letter of undertaking) is one of the payment instruments that institutions providing non-cash payment services (banks, foreign bank branches, etc.) deal with to make a valid payment transaction at the request of the account holder. Documentary credit is the most commonly used for payment of international sales of goods.

Banking and Finance Law Firm in Vietnam

The supply of international payment services by institutions providing non-cash payment services shall be conducted in accordance with regulations of the law on foreign exchange management, treaties to which Vietnam is a member and commercial practices (including international commercial practices provided by the International Chamber of Commerce; and other commercial practices which are not contrary to the Vietnamese laws) which agreed upon by the parties.

According to UCP 600, credit means any arrangement, however named or described, that is irrevocable and thereby constitutes a definite undertaking of the issuing bank to honour a complying presentation.  Documentary credit is an independent and separate transaction from the sales and other contracts on which it may be based. The Issuing Banks and Advising Banks are in no way concerned with or bound by contract between the Applicant (purchaser) and the Beneficiary (seller), even if any reference whatsoever to it is included in the credit. Banks deal with documents only. Goods, services or performance to which the documents may relate are not under scope of handling of the Banks. When the issuing bank determines that a presentation of documents is complying, payment shall be made.

The independence between the documentary credit and the sales contract ensures that the seller definitely receives payment if complying presentation, however, does not protect the interests of the purchaser when there is any dispute about the quality of the delivered goods or any other dispute after delivery. When the seller presents complying documents, the issuing bank is obliged to make payment without any doubt whether the goods have actually been delivered according to the specifications as specified in the contract. At the same time, the cancellation or termination of contract does not affect the effectiveness of documentary credit, payment still is made if presentation is complying.

International payment instruments play an important role in commercial transactions between parties residing in different countries. Each payment method reflects the way of receiving and paying for goods amount between the buyer and the seller. The parties participating in international commerce transaction need to understand the characteristics of each payment instrument to protect their rights and obligations, and avoid disputes in international sales of goods, or disputes in financial service using letter of credit or other forms, disputes in performance of contract and should involve lawyers in early stage if possible to avoid mishap.

ANT Lawyers - a Law firm in Vietnam with international standard, local expertise and strong international network. We focus on customers’ needs and provide clients with a high quality legal advice and services. For advice or service request, please contact us via email ant@antlawyers.vn, or call us +84 24 730 86 529

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Important Matters on Intellectual Properties Rights Registration in Vietnam

 

In the process of development of global business, the growth of multinational corporations or business will help individuals and companies to bring their products to the world. In addition to bringing their products to customers, the protection of intellectual property rights for products created is extremely important and necessary. We would like to highlight important matters when registering for intellectual property rights protection in Vietnam.

First, in order to be able to register for protection of intellectual property rights, the protected product must meet all conditions to be protected under the provisions of the Intellectual Property Law of Vietnam.

After meeting all of conditions for protection of intellectual property rights, the owner should pay attention to the procedures for registering intellectual property rights. According to the Intellectual Property Law 2005, the time of intellectual property rights to copyright is when products are created and expressed in a certain material form without needing to register. However, industrial property rights for inventions, industrial designs, layout designs, trademarks, geographical indications are established on the basis of a decision to grant protection titles by competent state agencies rights under the registration procedures prescribed in the Intellectual Property Law or recognition of international registration under the provisions of international treaties to which the Socialist Republic of Vietnam is a member; for well-known trademarks, ownership is established on the basis of use, regardless of the registration procedure. Therefore, in order to be able to establish their intellectual property rights for products created, the owner needs to register for product protection in accordance with regulations, the order given by the Law on Intellectual Property in Vietnam.

In addition to the prescribed registration procedures, the owner should pay attention to the time of filing the application for protection, and it is suggested to submit the application as soon as possible. Under the provisions of the Intellectual Property Law, in cases where many applications for inventions are identical or similar, industrial designs are identical or not significantly different from each other, the protection title shall be granted only for an invention or industrial design on a valid application, the earliest priority date or filing date shall be among the applications that meet the conditions for being granted a protection title. In the case of multiple applications by different people registering marks that are identical or confusingly similar to each other for products or services that are identical or similar to each other or in the case of multiple applications of the same those who register identical marks for identical products or services, the protection title is only granted to the trademark in the valid application with the earliest priority date or filing date among the applications that meet the requirements sued to be granted a protection title. In case there are many applications for registration as stipulated above and all meet the conditions to be granted a protection title and have the same priority date or the earliest filing date, the protection title will only be granted to the subject of a single application of those applications as agreed by all applicants; if no agreement is reached, the corresponding objects of those applications are refused the protection certificate.

Therefore, in order to protect their intellectual property rights, the owner needs to meet all conditions for the product, in addition to necessary procedures as prescribed by law and promptly apply for a certificate of protection for the product. The protection of products will help individuals and companies gain competitive edge during their commercial operation, in addition to avoiding the risks of being infringed upon intellectual property rights.

ANT Lawyers, a law firm in Vietnam with a team of experienced lawyers, IP consultants and IP agent in Vietnam in the field of Intellectual Property will help customers implement procedures for registering intellectual property rights in the most effective way.

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Vietnam attracts clean energy investment

On the morning of July 22nd, 2020, the High-Level Forum on National Energy Development 2020 took place at the same time many investment signing activities among leading energy enterprises in Vietnam, the region and in the world, open up a strong and sustainable period of clean energy development in Vietnam.

 

At the forum, the signed projects include: gas power plant project in Ca Na – Ninh Thuan province, LNG Chan May gas power plant project in Chan May Economic Zone – Thua Thien Hue province, project wind power off La Gan – Binh Thuan province.

The most outstanding of which is the wind farm project off the coast of La Gan in Binh Thuan province with a total investment of up to 10 billion USD. Accordingly, Copenhagen Infrastructure Partners (CIP), on behalf of New Market Fund I, with Asiapetro and Novasia Energy signed a Memorandum of Understanding (MOU) with the People’s Committee of Binh Thuan Province on the development of the offshore wind power project La Gan, Binh Thuan province. With a capital up to USD 10 billion, the pharmaceutical project is expected to create significant sources of income and employment for Binh Thuan and Vietnam, promoting the potential of developing wind energy in Vietnam.

For the LNG Chan May gas power plant project (in Thua Thien-Hue province) with a total investment of about USD 6 billion, cooperation between the US and Vietnam. When operating, every year, the plant will provide an average power output of 24 to 25kWh. Accompanying with the project are the US Government’s support programs for private investment projects of US citizens abroad, along with the world’s leading partners in finance, technology, operation and gas supply (source guaranteed from the United States) and corporate governance: US Development Finance Corporation, USAsia EDGE, World Bank, US EXIM Bank, GE Gas Power … help contribute to the growth of trade relations between Vietnam and America.

Besides foreign investors, domestic investors are also interested in developing clean energy such as gas power project in Ca Na and Phu My solar power development project in Binh Dinh with investment capital more than 6,000 billion.

With the development of clean energy projects, Vietnam expects many domestic and international investors to invest in the field of clean energy, set up company, obtain investment licenses, or acquire other company through merger and acquisition, bring in fresh capital in order to fully realize Vietnam’s capabilities in this field and bring great economic benefits to investors and contribute to environmental protection, sustainable clean energy development in the future.

ANT Lawyers is a law firm in Vietnam located in the business centers of Hanoi, Danang, Ho Chi Minh city. We provide convenient access to our clients. Please contact our lawyers in Vietnam for advice via email ant@antlawyers.vn or call our office at +84 28 730 86 529

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Anti-dumping Measures on Welding Materials from China, Thailand and Malaysia (AD15)

On January 21th, 2021, Trade Remedies Authority of Vietnam (Investigating Authority) received Dossier from a company which is the representative of the domestic manufacturing (Requesting Party) requesting for the application of the anti-dumping measures on some types of welding materials originating from People’s Republic of China, Kingdom of Thailand and Malaysia.

On February 01st, 2021, Investigating Authority confirmed that Dossier was complete, valid according to regulations of law on trade remedies. Within 45 days of the receipt of a complete, valid Dossier, the Investigating Authority shall examine the Dossier to submit to the Minister of Industry and Trade for consideration for conducting an investigation. Contents of Dossier examination include: (i) Determine qualification of the legal representative of the domestic manufacturing of organization, individual that submitted the Dossier according to regulation of Law on Foreign Trade Management; (ii) Determine evidence on the dumping of imported goods that caused or threatened to cause significant injury to a domestic manufacturing or significantly prevent the formation of a domestic manufacturing.

On March 18th, 2021, Ministry of Industry and Trade issued Decision no. 947/QD-BCT on conducting an investigation to apply anti-dumping measure on some types of welding materials with HS code 7217.10.10; 7217.30.19; 7217.90.10; 7229.20.00; 7229.90.20; 7229.90.99; 8311.10.10; 8311.10.90; 8311.30.91; 8311.30.99; 8311.90.00 originating from People’s Republic of China (China), Kingdom of Thailand (Thailand) and Malaysia (Goods under investigation) (code AD15).

According to Vietnam laws, after initiating an investigation, Ministry of Industry and Trade will send a Questionnaire to related parties to collect information for the purpose of analyzing, assessing the accusations, including: dumping activities of export enterprise of China, Thailand and Malaysia; (ii) damages of the industry whose Vietnam products; (iii) causation between dumping activities and damages of the industry whose domestic products.

If necessary, based on results of preliminary investigation, Ministry of Industry and Trade can apply temporary anti-dumping measure in order to prevent dumping activities which continue to cause material injury to domestic industry.

Ministry of Industry and Trade will conduct examining, verifying the information provided by related parties before finalizing official investigation conclusion of this case. At the same time, Ministry of Industry and Trade will also hold a public consultation in order for the related parties to directly communicate, provide information, give opinions about this case before making a final decision.

Ministry of Industry and Trade recommends that all organizations, individuals who are exporting, importing, distributing, conducting business, using goods under investigation should register as related parties and should provide Ministry of Industry and Trade the necessary information so that rights and interests are protected according to Vietnam laws.

Ministry of Industry and Trade can impose the retroactive of the anti-dumping duty on the imposed goods within 90 days before imposing temporary anti-dumping duty. Therefore, Ministry of Industry recommends that all organizations, individuals who are in the process of exporting, importing, distributing, conducting business, using goods under investigation should pay attention to the possibility of imposing temporary anti-dumping duty and the retroactive of the anti-dumping duty.

Our international trade and competition lawyers in Vietnam at ANT Lawyers will always follow the development from authorities to provide update to our clients.

ANT Lawyers is a law firm in Vietnam located in the business centers of Hanoi, Danang, Ho Chi Minh city. We provide convenient access to our clients. Please contact our lawyers in Vietnam for advice via email ant@antlawyers.vn or call our office at +84 28 730 86 529

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Several Noted Points on Law Competition of 2018 in Vietnam

Vietnam Law on Competition has been adopted and will be effective on July 1st, 2019. The competition law of 2018 has changed in comparison with the Law on Competition 2004.  These changes are fundamental which enterprises should be aware of when entering into Vietnam through M&A activities. Competition lawyer should be consulted for update and development to avoid non-compliance.

Competition Lawyers in Vietnam

Firstly, the Competition Law 2018 gave up regulations on the limit of acts of economic concentration. Accordingly, Article 30 prohibits an enterprise from conducting economic concentration that has the potential to cause significant adverse effects on competition in the Vietnamese market. Contrary to previous regulations, Competition Law 2004 prohibits economic concentration if the combined market share of enterprises participating in economic concentration accounted for more than 50% in the relevant market.

Secondly, the Competition Law 2018 under Article 112 provides clemency policy for enterprises violating competition regulations. Accordingly, enterprises which voluntarily declare to help the National Competition Committee detect, investigate and deal with prohibited competition restriction acts will be exempted or reduced penalties according to the leniency policy. The leniency policy is applicable to no more than three first enterprises applying for leniency to the National Competition Commission.

Thirdly, unlike the Competition Law 2004, the Competition Law 2018 specifies the maximum fine for violations of competition law.

For organization:

–Violating regulations on the acts of economic concentration: a maximum fine of 5% of the total turnover of the business on the relevant market.

–Violating regulations on unfair competition: a fine of up to VND 2 billion

–Violation of other regulations: up to 200 million VND.

For individual, the fine level is 50% of the organization’s level.

Fourth, on threshold of economic concentration. The Competition Law 2004 stipulated that for centrally-run enterprises with a market share of between 30% and 50% in the relevant market, the competition authority must notify the competition authority before conducting the economic concentration. At present, the Competition Law 2018 is not regulated specifically as above, but only the notification threshold of economic concentration is determined based on one of four criteria as following:

-Total assets on the Vietnamese market of enterprises participating in economic concentration;

-The total turnover in the Vietnamese market of enterprises participating in economic concentration;

-Transaction value of economic concentration;

-Market share in the relevant market of enterprises participating in economic concentration.

Finally, new regulation on the time limit for dealing with a breach of competition law. Previously, to solve and deal with cases of economic concentration violation, it is necessary to undertake a preliminary investigation and formal investigation. In particular, the preliminary investigation is 30 days; formal investigation is 60 days with unfair competition; 180 days with the agreement restriction competition, economic concentration. Competition Law 2018 no longer stipulates two phases of the above investigation, but only that the investigation period is 09 months for restricted competition; 90 days with economic concentration; 60 days with unfair competition cases.

ANT Lawyers is a law firm in Vietnam located in the business centers of Hanoi, Danang, Ho Chi Minh city. We provide convenient access to our clients. Please contact our lawyers in Vietnam for advice via email ant@antlawyers.vn or call our office at +84 28 730 86 529.

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